Star Plot

Star Plots illustrate multiple variables for location or other observation shown. The resulting lines around each primary point then allow for comparison against the star plots for other locations or observations.

http://start1.jpl.nasa.gov/caseStudies/autoTool.cfm

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://www.uow.edu.au/student/attributes/statlit/modules/module2/shapedist.html

A stem and leaf plot shows the shape and distribution of data. This image plots students grades in a class.

Box Plot

http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/box2.html

A Box Plot, or box and whisker

Diagram, provides a simple

Graphical summary of a set of

Data.

It shows a measure of central

Location (the median), the average,

And measures of dispersion.

Box Plots are especially useful

When comparing two or more sets of 

Histogram

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/histogram

A histogram is a graphical display of tabulated frequencies, shown as bars. It shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://vis.lbl.gov/Events/SC07/Drosophila/

Multivariate relations are obtained through the use of Parallel Coordinate Graphs. Specific properties of the relationship correspond to the geometrical properties of the graph.

Triangular Plot

A Triangular Plot is a graph of 3 variables. It is most often used in geologic studies to show the relative compositions of soils and rocks, but it can be more generally applied to any system of three variables.

http://www.dplot.com/triangle-plot.htm

A Triangular Plot is a graph of 3 variables. It is most often used in geologic studies to show the relative compositions of soils and rocks, but it can be more generally applied to any system of three variables.

Wind Rose

http://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/graphref/63022/HTML/default/viewer.htm#a003117074.html

The windrose chart is named for charts of wind speed and direction. Windrose charts are a type of histogram which are useful when the extreme values of the histogram's midpoint variable are related. Typical applications include histograms involving direction, clock time, or other cyclical values

Climograph

http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/a_d/climograph.html

A climograph is a graphical depiction of the monthly precipitation and temperature conditions for a selected place. Precipitation is shown by the bar graph. A line graph depicts temperature.

Population Pyramid

http://www.thefullwiki.org/Demographics_of_the_Bahamas

Population Pyramids are graphs that show the distribution of population by age and sex.

This Population Pyramid illustrates the population distribution of the Bahamas.

Scatterplot

Scatter plots usually consist of a large body of data. The closer the data points to making a straight line when plotted, the higher the correlation between the two variables and the stronger their relationship. Scatterplots should be constructed when the relationship between two variables is of interest.

http://cnx.org/content/m10949/latest

This scatterplot is interesting, as it plots the age of husbands versus the age of their wives. It shows that ages among husband and wife have a high correlation.

Index Value Plot

An index is defined as a statistical indicator/number derived from a formula, which is used to characterize a set of data.

http://www.skepticalscience.com/What-causes-short-term-changes-in-ocean-heat.html

An index value plot is a type of visualization map that is plotted on a line graph.

Lorenz Curve

http://www.answers.com/topic/lorenz-curve

According to answers.com, A Lorenz curve is a graph for showing the concentration of ownership of economic quantities such as wealth and income; it is formed by plotting the cumulative distribution of the amount of the variable concerned against the cumulative frequency distribution of the individuals possessing the amount

Bilateral Graph

Bilateral graphs depict increases and decreases on either side of a zero line. They are used to display data of both positive and negative values

http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2008/feb/1.html

Nominal Choropleth Map

http://politicalmaps.org/

A Nominal Choropleth Map is a choropleth map that does not use a scale of numbers as its differentiating criteria. In these maps, an assortment of colors can be used, as the intensity of the color is not meant to indicate an intensity of data. In this example, each state is color-coded based upon its political party leanings.

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

Unstandardized Choropleth Maps do not aerially average data. The data is represented as a total value. In the map below, the unstandardized Choropleth map displays the number of water withdrawals by state across the US.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3051/

Standardized Choropleth Map

http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/nci-esda/research.html

The data shows in standardized choropleth maps is considered to be standardized or normalized, which allows for comparison of distribution among different areas.

Univariate Chloropleth Maps

Univariate Choropleth maps use basic choropleth mapping techniques to illustrate the distribution of one single variable through shades of color or patterns. 

http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/nci-esda/software.html

Bivariate Choropleth Map

http://www.personal.psu.edu/acr181/election.html

A bivariate choropleth map displays two variables on a single map by combining two different sets of graphic symbols or colors. It is a variation of simple choropleth maps that portrays two separate phenomena simultaneously while accurately and graphically illustrating the relationship between the two distributed variables. 

Unclassed Choropleth Map

http://www.geog.ucsb.edu

An unclassed choropleth pap does not provide a scale or set number of classes into which states are categorized. There could be as many colors as there are states. The intensity of the color in this map shows the intensity of data. The darker states in this map have a higher population density.

Classed Choropleth Map

This classed choropleth map shows the relationship of males to females according to the 2000 census data. The classes are darker as the percentage of males to females is larger.

http://www.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

This is a simple image of a range graded proportional circle map. The areas of the circles correspond to the data set the map is showing. The size of the circles has a direct relationship to the data, which is not grouped.

http://instruct.uwo.ca/geog/242/lab11.htm

Digital Elevation Model

http://www.satimagingcorp.com/gallery/dem-sahara-tunisia-lg.html

A DEM is a digital map that shows terrain elevations for ground positions at regularly spaced horizontal intervals. They are often used to generate three-dimensional images, with our without color, that show the relief of the location.

Digital Line Graph

Digital Line Graphs illustrate data such as topography, hydrography, boundaries, roads, utility lines, etc. with images stored as lines, points and areas.

http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/geoweb/participants/dutch/geolwisc/geostops/DePere.HTM

Digital Raster Graphic

http://www.tceq.texas.gov/gis/drg.html

This map is an example of a DRG (digital raster graphic). A DRG is a scanned image of a United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map, which is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection.

Cartographic Animation

Cartographers are now able to animate maps to better illustrate a concept of geographic progression. The example of cartographic animation that I used shows the precipitation rate of the global water balance.

http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/JSHINKER/animations/global/gifs/prate_web.gif

Isohyet

An isohyet map is a contour map that illustratAn isohyet map is a contour map that illustrates the third variable of rainfall using contour.

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0808/S00090.htm

This map is showing the month’s rainfall in 100mm bands

Isotachs

http://wxmaps.org/pix/avnmr.00hr.html

An isotach is a line of equal wind speed and the wind patterns are portrayed on a map. This map shows isotach patterns across the continental US.

Isobars

On a weather map an isobar is a line drawn on a map connecting points of equal barometric pressure.

http://www.newmediastudio.org/DataDiscovery/Hurr_ED_Center/Hurr_Structure_Energetics/Closed_Isobars/Closed_Isobars.html

LIDAR

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/911/images/lg-map-lidar1.jpg caption

LIDAR is a laser-based imaging system that displays, high-density elevation data. This LIDAR image was from September 15, 2001 after 9/11. It shows a 3-D model of the elevation of New York City in relation to the destruction from the attack.

Doppler Radar

Doppler technology utilizes microwaves to track direction and speed of suspended water droplets in the atmosphere. NOAA created this map to show the eye of Hurricane Claudette in Houston, Texas.

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s1192.htm

Infrared Aerial Photo

http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/pie/data/MAP/irparker.jpg

Infrared Aerial Photography is a powerful tool that can be used to document changes to the environment, the health of forests, wetlands, bays and oceans, as well as many other applications.

Red tones in color infrared aerial photographs are almost always associated with live vegetation and the tone of red can be a guide to the density and health of the vegetation and how vigorously it is growing. Dead vegetation will tend to appear as various shades of tan or green. Thus infrared imagery is particularly useful for crop, forest, wetland, vineyard and other agricultural analyses.

Color infrared aerial photography is also useful for analyzing water depth and sediment content. Clear, clean water will appear very dark, close to a black tone. As sediment content increases the shades shift to blue color tones. Color tones of very shallow water may reflect predominantly the color tones of the soil beneath this water. Color infrared aerial photography is therefore uniquely useful for analyzing sediment flows.

In the infrared aerial photo above, which depicts the mouth of the Parker River in Massachusetts, you can see that the water appears to be clean and clear, since it takes on such a dark, blackish tone. Also, it is evident from the photograph that there is a great deal of vegetation at the mouth of this river, with the more dense areas of vegetation appearing as bright red.

Black and White Aerial Photo

http://freegeographytools.com/2007/goofing-around-with-pan-sharpening

Aerial photography is the taking of photographs of the ground from an elevated position. The term usually refers to images in which the camera is not supported by a ground-based structure.

Black and White Aerials can show the evolution of site conditions over time, as illustrated through aerial photos 

Statistical Maps

Statistical maps are used to display the distribution of some variable over a specified geographic area, usually defined by political boundaries. The map below is an example of a statistical map. This map shows the distribution of the Internet, across the globe.

http://www.mundi.net/maps/maps_011/landweber_map1.html

Cartogram

A Cartogram varies the size of geographic areas based on the data values associated with each area. Cartograms scale geographic areas to things such as population, GNP, and electoral votes.

This map is a population cartogram of the world. Asia is larger in comparison to the rest of the world's population.

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/cartograms/

Flow Maps

Flow maps are used to show the movement of objects from one location to another. They are easier to read many times because of the merged edges. They are used frequently when depicting migrations.

This map shows the flow of Texas truck freight.

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/texas.html

Isoline Map

http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0034-isolines.php

An isoline map conveys numerical values for continuous distributions by means of lines joining points of equal value.

The weather channel uses this map in order to display temperature differences.

Proportional Circle Maps

Proportional circle maps display data in relation to the size of the circles. These proportional circle maps illustrate the distribution of four mineral deposits in the Selwyn Basin of Canada using circles that are sized according to the quantity of mineral found at that location.

http://cgc.rncan.gc.ca/mindep/metallogeny/sedex/selwyn/index_e.php

Chloropleth Map

Choropleth Maps are thematic maps that are based on predefined aerial units.  These maps use graded color series to show least intensity to most intense (shown using a light to dark color pattern).

This particular map shows the population densities of the countries of the world http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/kingworc/departments/geography/asgraphmapskills.htm

Dot Distribution Map

Dots distribution maps use visual imagery to illustrate the quantity of a particular variable by showing the distribution of that variable over a given geographical location.

This dot distribution illustrates the distribution of the world's population and can be found at  http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Dot_Distribution_Maps

Propaganda Map

http://bigthink.com/ideas/21097

A propaganda map is used for the intent of threat, an agent of control, exploitation, manipulate and or emphasize. The propaganda overall, is a tool for power.

This particular propaganda map was used by the United Kingdom to show what Germany's secret goals were to taking over Europe. This was a way to get all the people of surrounding countries that were threatened by this portrayal

Hypsometric Map

This hypsometric map shows the relief of the surface of the moon. The image displayed shows the topography of moon as the third dimension of the two-dimensional map through the use of color.

http://nasa-world-wind.software.informer.com/wiki/

PLSS

The PLSS typically divides land into 6-mile-square townships, which is the level of information included in the National Atlas. Townships are subdivided into 36 one-mile- square sections. Sections can be divided even further into quarter sections, quarter-quarter sections, or irregular government lots. Usually, a permanent monument, or marker, is placed at each section corner. Monuments are also placed at quarter-section corners and at other important points, such as the corners of government lots.

The map that I used is an example is a map of Franklin County, Alabama where some of my family is from.

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~alfrankl/landrecords.htm

Cadastral Map

A cadastral map provides detailed information about property in a specific area. An example of a cadastral is this map  below displaying a village which shows the boundaries of all of the parcels or lots within the village, although cadastral maps can show other types of areas as well. A cadastral map can include a number of details, including information about tax rates, who owns the land, which kinds of structures are present, and what the zoning is in the region

http://reference.findtarget.com/search/Cadastre/ 

Topographic Map

A topographic map is large-scale map showing relief and man-made features of a portion of a land surface distinguished by portrayal of position, relation, size, shape, and elevation of the features. Here is a topographic map of the state of Florida.

http://www.statetravelmaps.com/Florida/

Thematic Map

A thematic map is a type of map or chart especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area.This particular thematic map demonstrates the breakdown of land reserves on a Hawaiian island. It can used by Hawaiian real estate agencies presentations or publications.

this map can be found at:

http://www.creativemappingsolutions.com/index.html

Isopach Maps

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-559/report.htm

Isopach maps illustrate rock or sediment thickness using contour lines. The map shown here shows the thickness of sediments beneath Long Island.

Planimetric Map

A planimetric map is a two dimensional representation which includes no relief features, such a street map. The planimetric map to the left is a map of St. Petersburg, FL

 http://www.sanborn.com/products/CitySets_pdf/CSboundaries_STPETERSBURG.pdf